Bill Kirkos: From Loyola to CNN

 CNN Chicago Bureau Senior Producer Bill Kirkos always knew he wanted to go into the news business. The Loyola alum never wavered in his decision to pursue journalism. And he knew Chicago was the place he wanted to do it.

“I knew in high school that I wanted to cover the news, and I think I got that instilled in me from my father who was a news junkie,” Kirkos said. “I grew up watching the Big Three network newscasts every day at 5:30 p.m. with him back before cable news network were really a mainstay. That transferred into college, I declared my major freshman year: Communications, journalism.”

Kirkos’ passion for the news translates every day into his work and his colleagues take notice.

“He’s a great worker,” Ted Rowlands, a CNN Chicago correspondent, said. “He enjoys his home life with his wife and two kids. He does a good job at work. He’s always in a good mood which helps, especially when working all hours of the night.”

Rowlands and Kirkos have known each other for five years. They’ve worked closely for the past two-and-a-half years, covering stories such as the Jodi Arias trial in Arizona. Arias was convicted of first degree murder in 2013 for killing her boyfriend. They also covered the trial of Martin MacNeill in Utah, who was convicted of the first degree murder of his wife in 2007.

“Any breaking news, you name it,” Rowlands said of stories the two have covered.

Kirkos’ very first journalism experience started at Loyola University Chicago, where he graduated in 1990 with a degree in communications and a concentration in journalism.

While at Loyola, Kirkos wrote for the school newspaper, the Loyola Phoenix.

But it was broadcasting that caught his attention. He also worked at Loyola’s radio station, WLUW 88.7. Now WLUW operates as an underground and independent music station, featuring indie music.

But, during Kirkos’ era, WLUW had quite a different formula.

 “When I was at the station, WLUW was the second most-listened to college radio station in the United States behind only, I think, Syracuse,” Kirkos said. “And it was a top-40 format back then, and it was really DJ and personality-driven with students being all the D.J.s.”

After he graduated from Loyola in 1990, Kirkos had trouble finding a full-time job initially. Instead, he found an unpaid internship at CNN Chicago and spent four to five months at the station.

“Having that internship is the best thing I ever did because it directly led to my [journalistic] ability,” Kirkos said. “It just gave me so much experience and let me meet a lot of people who I ended up working with down the road.”

                About one year after that internship ended, Kirkos got his first paying job at the local Fox affiliate in Chicago. WFLD, was expanding their morning news programming, and included Kirkos as a new full-time production assistant. He spent five years at that station before decided to move on.

                In 1999, Kirkos moved to Dallas working for Fox News Channel as a national field producer. Kirkos covered news across the southern region of the U.S. His duties included covering the campaign of then-Gov. George W. Bush on his first run for president.

“That was also an incredible experience to cover a presidential campaign,” Kirkos said.

After 18 months in Dallas, he came back home to Chicago.

“I think Chicago is a fantastic news town,” Kirkos said. “I love living in the city. I’m a proud born-and-raised Chicagoan. I think covering news in Chicago and the Midwest is the most exciting thing I could ever do with my job and my career. I’m very happy here; I’ve had opportunities to move out east, but I’ve never wanted to leave the Chicago news arena.”

But sometimes big stories require him to leave town. In 2001, Kirkos covered the biggest story of his career—and hopes no story ever comes as close in terms of scope and tragedy.

At the time, Kirkos was working in local news once again with a local Fox affiliate, WFLD as a field producer.

“I was sitting at my desk and watching the images come down on the TV  like all the rest of us in the newsroom,” Kirkos said. “As soon as we saw the second plane hit the [World Trade Center], our station management decided to send a reporter and team to New York to cover it ,and I was the producer that went. I spent a week there covering 9/11 which was a massive story, the biggest story I’ve every covered in my life.”

                Kirkos’ responsibility was preparing for the 9 p.m. news each day for the Fox affiliate, WFLD.

“We spent the day gathering elements and interviews and we got to a couple blocks within Ground Zero,” Kirkos said. “We had a relationship with a volunteer fireman who was helping clean up at Ground Zero and took photographs for us.

       “Because of the impact on America and we knew it would be a permanent, landscape altering event, that’s the biggest story I’ve ever covered”

After years covering daily news, Kirkos made the decision to purse another passion of his.

 “I always wanted to produce and shoot my own documentary and in 2005 I finally decided to do that,” Kirkos said.

Kirkos quit his job, bought a camera, some microphones, and with several cameramen friends’ help, he shot a one-hour documentary. In one year, Kirkos shot his entire documentary, traveled to more than 10 states for research, edited it.

                The environmental documentary, entitled “Trash,” aired on PBS stations across the nation and Kirkos entered it into four film festivals across the nation, including the Newport Beach Film Festival in California.

                “I think that the most enjoyable professional experience of my life was shooting ‘Trash,’ producing ‘Trash,’” Kirkos said. “It was a completely a self-funded, self-thought of, self-created project and I just loved it. I loved the people I met and I love environmental issues and I really loved exploring that issue of waste and overconsumption in the U.S. and its effects on the environment.”

                But after a stint at independent filmmaking, Kirkos got back into the network news business. He returned to CNN, and his current job, in 2007. As a senior producer at CNN, Kirkos isn’t tied to one topic to report on. Instead, he calls himself a general assignment producer, so he reports on a wide variety of news stories across the region. Recently he’s covered the record-breaking cold in Minneapolis. He also interviewed Chicago Mayor Rahm Emanuel about Chicago’s crime numbers at the end of 2013. In CNN’s structure, Chicago is a part of the western region, so Kirkos primarily covers stories within that region.

 “I’m pretty much sent [out] on any given day a story between Chicago and Los Angeles or Portland,” Kirkos said. “The whole western region is part of our territory and I cover everything. Politics, campaigns, plane crashes, train accidents, human-interest stories. Anything we decide at CNN should make our air.”

As for what’s next, Kirkos said, “I don’t know where the future will take me,” Kirkos said. “I have a family and I can’t predict the future or the changes in our business so I can’t rule out moving again one day depending on how television and the news business evolves but right now I’m very happy and very content living and working in Chicago covering national news.”

By Emily Brown

Taking acetaminophen while pregnant linked to ADHD in children, new study finds

   

     Acetaminophen, most commonly found in Excedrin and Tylenol, has been linked to Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in children, UCLA researchers report according to a UCLA an article published Feb. 24, the long-term study completed by UCLA and the University of Aarhus in Denmark, indicates a link between the use of this drug while pregnant and ADHD in children.

     The National Institute of Mental Health classifies ADHD as one of the most common childhood disorders. The Institute states that aside from inattention, children with ADHD may be easily distracted, struggle to follow instructions, have difficulty focussing on one task, among other symptoms.
     Researchers studied more than 64,000 children and mothers from 1996 to 2002 in a Danish cohort. They followed up with the families when the children were 7 years old.
      The results of the study indicate that children of mothers that used acetaminophen while pregnant were at a 13 to 37 percent greater risk of being treated with ADHD medications, ADHD symptoms, or a hospital diagnosis of hyperkinetic disorder (a serious form of ADHD) at the age of 7.


Read the entire UCLA article here.



By Emily Brown

The Carter Center's Goal to Reduce Stigma

Have you ever called yourself an alcoholic after a night out with your college buddies? Chances are, you are not an alcoholic, but you said so as if to say that one night of drinking constitutes alcoholism. This is one way that stigmas get inserted into our everyday actions.

Rebecca Palpant, Assistant Director of the Rosalynn Carter Fellowships for Mental Health Journalism at the Carter Center, is one of the many devoted who is trying to kick the habit of stigmatizing mental illnesses in the press.

Stigma has a great impact on people with mental illnesses. Stigma can get in the way of a persons public persona, place of employment and even their access to mental health services.

The Carter Center, founded by Jimmy Carter and his wife Rosalynn, is a two-pronged organization that seeks to both prevent and resolve human rights issues, and improve mental health.

“The Carter Center is unique, because it is headed by Mrs. Carter,” said Palpant. “Its focus on public policy and stigma reduction is aimed at changing the way illness is understood.”

Palpant said that there is too much sensationalizing of mental illnesses in the media. “It is important to talk about stigma. Because the stigmas that have been created about people with mental illness, lead people to avoid getting help out of discrimination.”

If a person is known to have a mental illness, it may affect their ability to get a job, find appropriate housing, public funding, and even insurance. This is why stigmas need to be talked about, because they affect the way that people see mental illness.

Not only does stigma need to be talked about. It is another goal of the Carter Center to change policies regarding mental health issues and to increase the access to services.

“We are looking for real ways to make life better for people,” said Palpant.

The Rosalynn Carter Fellowship for Mental Health Journalism is given to professional journalists who have had at least three years of experience and who have built a network suitable for writing about mental health issues.

Posted By: Torey Darin

Sleep patterns and depression

Too much or little sleep may lead to depression, according to a report in the Feb. 1 issue of  Sleep journal. 

Dr. Nathaniel Watson, the lead investigator and associate professor of neurology and co-director of the Univeristy of Washington Medicine Sleep Center in Seattle said in a news release:

"Both short and excessively long sleep durations appear to activate genes related to depressive symptoms." 

One study analyzed 1,700 adult twins. The genetic symptoms of depression increased in people with the least and highest amount sleep, measured in hours. The symptoms were lowest with people who had an average amount of sleep, seven to eight hours a night, at 27 percent. People who slept more than the average of 10 hours had symptoms at 49 percent. People with the least amount of sleep at only five hours a night had the highest percentage of depression symptoms at 53 percent. 

A second study analyzing teens found similar results. The study analyzed more than 4,100 youth from ages  11 to 17. Sleeping less than six hours increased the risk of depression. 

An unrelated study discussed in the video below also finds that the lack of sleep and depression are interrelated. 

A simple way to combat these trends is to get a healthy amount of sleep every night. Most medical professionals agree people should get between seven to nine hours of sleep a night. 

According to Linda Helper, having better sleeping habit can also be beneficial. She shares a few tips below:

If you're depressed and suffer from sleep problems, here are some things you can do to get better sleep:

• Go to bed and wake up at approximately the same time every day, even on weekends.
• Set the scene with a comfortable bedroom. Make sure your pillows and mattress are not too soft or hard. Get blinds or curtains that darken the room, and make sure the temperature is cool.
• Establish a sleep routine. Begin to prepare for sleep an hour before bedtime by listening to relaxing music or taking a bath. Do this nightly.
• Avoid stimulating activities, such as television, video games, computer work, or heavy reading an hour before bedtime. And don't exercise, drink caffeine, or smoke close to bedtime.
• Avoid food and alcohol for at least two to three hours before bedtime.
• Exercise regularly, but avoid working out in the late evening.

By: Anel Herrera

Laverne Cox: Transforming Hollywood

The trailblazing Orange is the New Black star has become a powerful voice for trans people, including CeCe McDonald.

Originally posted on InTheseTimes by Yasmin Nair

Laverne Cox is using her star power for advocacy. (Courtesy of B/W/R)

As Sophia Burset, the only trans character in Orange is the New Black—the hit Netflix show about a women’s prison—Laverne Cox is breaking new ground as a transgender actor in a field where trans women are still rare. But Cox is also gaining fame for her powerful off-screen politics as she advocates for transgender rights.

Most recently, Cox has lent both her star power and her organizing power to the case of CeCe McDonald, an African-American trans woman sentenced to 41 months in prison for a killing she says occurred in self-defense. In 2011, a group of white people taunted McDonald and her friends with racist and transphobic epithets outside a bar in Minneapolis. In the ensuing altercation, McDonald defended herself with scissors from her purse. She was wounded and a white man, Dean Schmitz, was killed. McDonald was convicted of second-degree murder.

McDonald’s case became a flash point for trans activists because of several perceived injustices in her trial and sentencing. First, the judge barred expert testimony about the everyday violence faced by trans people, which would have been used to support the case for self-defense. Then McDonald was sent to a men’s prison—where trans women face not only a high risk of violence, but also the trauma of being stripped of their gender.

When McDonald was released early on parole this January, Cox was among those waiting to greet her. Cox is working with director Jacqueline Gares on Free CeCe, a film documenting McDonald’s first year out of prison.

What inspired you to make a documentary about CeCe McDonald?

I became aware of CeCe’s case a few weeks after it happened. Her case spoke so much to me because I could very easily have been her. CeCe was just walking down the street with a group of her friends when she was attacked. Often, I’ve been just walking down the street and heard anti-trans and racist slurs, and I was even kicked on the street once. So many trans women don’t survive these kinds of attacks. In 2012, 53 percent of homicides in the LGBTQ community were trans women, and 73 percent [of all homicides] are people of color. So the film is also about the culture of violence against trans women as an epidemic.

Advocating for her case wasn’t hard for me because this woman is a survivor. She did not want to die that day. I asked CeCe, during my interview with her, “Do you think if you had not pulled those scissors out, that he would have killed you?” And she said, “Yes.” He was charging and lunging at her with hate in his eyes and—not to retry the case—but this is a white supremacist with a swastika tattooed on his chest, and she feared for her life.

Yet the initial media coverage was sympathetic to Schmitz and not McDonald. Why do you think that is?

The coverage was transphobic and transmisogynistic and racist. What Billy Navarro, one of her major advocates, said to me when I interviewed him was, “The media was so upset with CeCe because she had the audacity to survive.”

I think the media is really comfortable reading about trans women of color as victims after they die, but if we have the audacity to survive, we are immediately criminalized; that is what the system does. The intersecting transphobia, transmisogyny, racism and classism in the criminal justice system—all of that converged in her story. CeCe was arrested on the spot that night; no one else was arrested. It took them [nearly] a year to arrest the person who smashed a glass into CeCe’s face. Because I’m on a show that looks at the injustice of the criminal justice system, it’s a no-brainer for me to be involved in this project.

You’ve talked about these issues on Katie Couric’s show. How do you go about making these complicated analyses to general audiences who are more used to, as you point out, feeling sorry for trans people who die than advocating for survivors?

I’ve been so inspired by folks at the Sylvia Rivera Law Project, the Audre Lorde Project, Queers for Economic Justice (which doesn't exist anymore) and so many radical folks who have spoken about intersectionality. My Black identity doesn’t go away because I’m trans, and the forces of racism don’t go away because I’m trans; they actually are compounded by transphobia and transmisogyny. I’d be doing myself and my community a disservice if I didn’t speak in an intersectional way.

I hope to challenge the LGBTQ community as a whole to look at its transphobia, to look at its racism. Speaking from the truth of my own experience, I think that the LGBTQ community needs to be a social justice movement in general, and I don’t think it has been, in its mainstream incarnation.

You are one of the few trans actors, period. You’ve talked about the need for nuanced trans characters, instead of the usual stereotypical and problematic ones. But does nuanced always have to mean a good person? Can you play, for instance, a murderer?

Looking at the evolution of Black representation in the media, or of gay and lesbian representation, it’s difficult and it takes time. I’ve always believed it’s about having multiple stories out there about different kinds of people. I’m against the idea of positive versus negative representation. I would love to play a really interesting, complicated murderer. Those are the roles I live for.

We’ve seen actors who are cisgender (not trans) playing trans characters in film and television. Are we nearing a time when a trans actor might, for instance, play a cisgender woman?

I absolutely believe it’s possible. It starts with directors, writers and producers saying, “Laverne is a wonderful actress and she’s right for this part, so let’s cast her” [laughs]. I’ve played a couple of roles onstage, and a character in a film called The Exhibitionists, that weren’t written for trans actors.

You met CeCe McDonald face-to-face for the first time just after she was released. What was it like to meet the woman for whom you’d been advocating?

CeCe is a young, vibrant, remarkable woman. She’d heard Beyoncé’s album in prison, but she hadn’t seen the video, so two hours after she got out of prison we were watching it and talking about Beyoncé and jamming in this diner. She said that in [the men’s] prison, they were trying to strip her of her womanhood and her trans life, so she just wants to celebrate those things when she gets out, and she’s doing that.

Would you describe yourself as a prison abolitionist?

That’s something I’ve sort of gone back and forth with. From talking to CeCe and her supporters, it does seem like abolishing prisons is the way to go. But then, for the folks who are already serving time: What can we do to make their time more humane and more safe? The people inside need help now; they need support, policies and advocacy.

What do you think needs to fundamentally shift in the LGBTQ mainstream movement, so that it takes trans issues, and especially prison issues, into consideration?

Most of it is actually having trans people, particularly trans people of color, in leadership positions in LGBTQ organizations, [beyond] tokenizing. It’s also important for each and every one of us, no matter who we are, to interrogate our own internalized transphobia, homophobia, racism and classism. And also to get resources to the folks who are doing the work on the ground—like Katie Burgess and other grassroots activists in Minneapolis, who brought CeCe’s story to international audiences and advocated fiercely for her. They did that with basically no resources; what could they do if they actually had money to advocate?

On that note, how can people support your film?

We’re probably looking at another year of production, and we need funding. People can donate via Indiegogo or atFreeCeceDocumentary.net.

Can you tell us anything about the next season of Orange is the New Black?

Oh my, it’s really, really juicy. It’s really fantastic. All that I can say without giving too much away is that [actor] Lorraine Toussaint has joined our cast, and Lorraine is major [laughs]. Her character really stirs the pot. Expect the unexpected with this season.

Posted by: Shirley Coenen

IMPACT research scientist Dr. Michelle Birkett

Michelle Birkett, Ph.D., is Research Assistant Professor in the Department of Medical Social Sciences at Northwestern University, and a Research Scientist in the IMPACT LGBT Health and Development Program. Birkett received her doctorate in Counseling Psychology from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Her research specifically focuses on understanding the social contextual influences on adolescent health and well-being.

The IMPACT program was started in 2008 at the University of Chicago by Dr. Brian Mustanski. In 2011, the program moved to Northwestern University and currently has four faculty members on the team. The program runs out of the Center on Halsted in Lakeview. Dr. Birkett says the location of the center is important because it is a more LGBT friendly area compared to where research participants come from.

Meet the IMPACT team

The mission at IMPACT is to :

"conduct translational research that improves the health of sexual minority people and to increase understanding of the development of sexual orientation and gender identity.  We seek to develop the capacity of the LGBT community to conduct health research and translate research findings into practical interventions. IMPACT’s unique collaboration with community-based organizations facilitates the translation of our research findings into future intervention, practice, and policy."

What exactly is research? Dr. Birkett says it is observing a trend in a community and trying to figure out why it is happening through science. Research findings can help create policies which impacts the LGBT community.

Dr. Birkett says conducting research is difficult. Stigma is high and many parents might not want their children to be part of research. When conducting research, it is important to frame the population studied as people first.

Researchers work hard to win the trust of LGBT teens. The wording of surveys is crucial in research. Personally, Birkett dislikes the word homosexual because of its clinical background as a mental disorder.

Adolescence in general is a period of confusion, especially regarding sexual identity. Based on research, Birkett says bullying is at its highest in the seventh and eighth grades. Often times, schools do not have teachers who are trained to deal with LGBT issues. However, the number of Gay-Straight Alliances in schools is growing, which is promising. It is also important for parents to teach their children to value diversity and serve as models to prevent bullying at this age.

IMPACT has ten ongoing research projects. Their research is posted online at impactprogram.org on the program's blog and videos. The videos explain the program's research and the science involved in a way that is interesting for people to learn from. The topics range from coming out to parents, living with HIV to female condom use.

IMPACT's research project, Project Q2 is the longest follow-up study of LGBT teens with 248 participants ages 16 to 20. The team has conducted 9 waves of data in the past six years. Project Q2 examines the "individual and socialcultural predictors of mental health, substance abuse, HIV risk and resilience." Dr. Birkett is the investigator for the current wave.

The Keep It Up! program started as an online intervention and is now part of a city-wide grant. The program focuses on young men who have sex with men and is now a service available at the Center on Halsted.

Dr. Birkett sees firsthand the problems LGBT youth experience, but as people grow older they become more comfortable with their identity, aiding research.

For more information about Dr. Birkett and the IMPACT program visit www.impactprogram.org

By: Anel Herrera 

Science and Social Medai Colliding: New mobile app released by Brain Aneurysm Foundation

   A new app is available in the iTunes and Google Play stores. The Brain Aneurysm Foundation announced a step into the new age of a technology-driven society on Feb. 5, 2014.
   The Foundation released "Brain Aneurysm." The app is free and provides the public with information about brain aneurysms whenever and wherever they have their mobile devices.
   The App was created by The Neurosurgical Atlas and Dr. Aaron Cohen-Gadol. Gadol is a leading neurosurgeon, specializing in brain aneurysms from Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine and Indiana University Department of Neurosurgery.

   The app includes educational videos about aneurysms, treatment, recovery and patient advocacy.
   The Brain Aneurysm Foundation announced the new app in conjunction with their 20th anniversary celebration. The foundation was established in 1994.
    The articles states:
          "It is estimated that up to 1 in 50 people in the U.S. will develop a brain aneurysm during their lifetime."
About 30,000 people will suffer a ruptured brain aneurysm each year, according to the article.

Experts speak about risks, symptoms, treatment and recovery, posted by The Brain Aneurysm Foundation.

To make a difference in the lives of those affected by brain aneurysms, click here for more information.
Click here to check out the full story on PRWeb

By: Emily Brown

Chicago neighborhood PTSD rates higher than in Iraq or Afghanistan

The PTSD Crisis That's Being Ignored: Americans Wounded in Their Own Neighborhoods

Originally written by Lois Beckett of ProPublica

Chicago's Cook County Hospital has one of the busiest trauma centers in the nation, treating about 2,000 patients a year for gunshots, stabbings and other violent injuries.
So when researchers started screening patients there for post-traumatic stress disorder in 2011, they assumed they would find cases.

Trauma Center Sign in Chicago. (Flickr/Creative Commons)

They just didn't know how many: Fully 43 percent of the patients they examined 2013 and more than half of gunshot-wound victims 2013 had signs of PTSD.
"We knew these people were going to have PTSD symptoms," said Kimberly Joseph, a trauma surgeon at the hospital. "We didn't know it was going to be as extensive."

What the work showed, Joseph said, is, "This is a much more urgent problem than you think."
Joseph proposed spending about $200,000 a year to add staffers to screen all at-risk patients for PTSD and connect them with treatment. The taxpayer-subsidized hospital has an annual budget of roughly $450 million. But Joseph said hospital administrators turned her down and suggested she look for outside funding.

"Right now, we don't have institutional support," said Joseph, who is now applying for outside grants.
A hospital spokeswoman would not comment on why the hospital decided not to pay for regular screening. The hospital is part of a pilot program with other area hospitals to help "pediatrics patients identified with PTSD," said the spokeswoman, Marisa Kollias."The Cook County Health and Hospitals System is committed to treating all patients with high quality care."
Right now, social workers try to identify patients with the most severe PTSD symptoms, said Carol Reese, the trauma center's violence prevention coordinator and an Episcopal priest.
"I'm not going to tell you we have everything we need in place right now, because we don't," Reese said. "We have a chaplain and a social worker and a couple of social work interns trying to see 5,000 people. We're not staffed to do it."

A growing body of research shows that Americans with traumatic injuries develop PTSD at rates comparable to veterans of war. Just like veterans, civilians can suffer flashbacks, nightmares, paranoia, and social withdrawal. While the United States has been slow to provide adequate treatment to troops affected by post-traumatic stress, the military has made substantial progress in recent years. It now regularly screens for PTSD, works to fight the stigma associated with mental health treatment and educates military families about potential symptoms.

Few similar efforts exist for civilian trauma victims. Americans wounded in their own neighborhoods are not getting treatment for PTSD. They're not even getting diagnosed.
Studies show that, overall, about 8 percent of Americans suffer from PTSD at some point in their lives. But the rates appear to be much higher in communities 2013 such as poor, largely African-American pockets of Detroit, Atlanta, Chicago and Philadelphia 2013 where high rates of violent crime have persisted despite a national decline.

Researchers in Atlanta interviewed more than 8,000 inner-city residents and found that about two-thirds said they had been violently attacked and that half knew someone who had been murdered. At least 1 in 3 of those interviewed experienced symptoms consistent with PTSD at some point in their lives 2013 and that's a "conservative estimate," said Dr. Kerry Ressler, the lead investigator on the project.
"The rates of PTSD we see are as high or higher than Iraq, Afghanistan or Vietnam veterans," Ressler said. "We have a whole population who is traumatized."

Post-traumatic stress can be a serious burden: It can take a toll on relationships and parenting, lead to family conflict and interfere with jobs. A national study of patients with traumatic injuries found that those who developed post-traumatic stress were less likely to have returned to work a year after their injuries.

It may also have a broader social cost.  "Neglect of civilian PTSD as a public health concern may be compromising public safety," Ressler and his co-authors concluded in a 2012 paper.
For most people, untreated PTSD will not lead to violence. But   "there's a subgroup of people who are at risk, in the wrong place, at the wrong time, of reacting in a violent way or an aggressive way, that they might not have if they had had their PTSD treated," Ressler said.
Research on military veterans has found that the symptom of "chronic hyperarousal" 2013 the distorted sense of always being under extreme threat 2013 can lead to increased aggression and violent behavior.

Posted by: Shirley Coenen